Homing pigeons (35) ________ for their uncanny internal compass, yet a new study reveals that sometimes the birds get home the same way we do: They follow the roads. Tim Guilford and Dora Biro at (36) ________ Oxford University followed pigeons in Oxford over a three-year period, using tiny tracking devices equipped with global positioning system technology (37) ________ by Swiss and Italian colleagues.
What they discovered was surprising. Within ten kilometers of home, the pigeons relied less on their well-known talents for decoding the sun’s position or deciphering the Earth’s magnetic field (38) ________ them navigate. Instead they opted for a habitual route that followed linear features in the landscape, such as roads, rivers, railways, and hedge lines – even when it wasn't the most direct way home. “It was almost comical,” says Guilford. “One pigeon followed a road to a roundabout, then exited onto a major road that led to a second roundabout. Others flew down the River Thames, only to make a (39) ________ turn at a bridge.” Guilford suggests that sticking to a (40) ________, linear route may actually make homing more reliable – and easier. “It made me smile to see it,” says Guilford. “You can imagine yourself flying along a road doing the same thing.”
| Number | A | B | C | D |
| 35 | were known | known | are known | knowing |
| 36 | England’s | the England’s | the England | England |
| 37 | developing | is developed | is developed | was developed |
| 38 | helping | to help | helps | helped |
| 39 | distinct | distinction | distinctly | distinctive |
| 40 | memories | memorably | memorial | memorized |
35 – Творення і вживання дієслів у Present, Past, Future Simple (Indefinite) в пасивному стані.
36 – Вживання іменників у присвійному відмінку.
37 – Творення і вживання дієслів у Present, Past, Future Simple (Indefinite) в активному стані.
38 – Вживання інфінітива.
39 – Вживання прикметників, вміння розрізняти частини мови і вживати їх відповідно до контексту.
40 – Використання дієприкметників теперішнього та минулого часів.
Why Does Red Mean Stop?
The 19th-century Scottish engineer Robert Stevenson, who was active in designing early lighthouses, (41) ________ for an alternative colour to white – most lighthouses had a white beacon – when he built a lighthouse near to one that already existed, because he was afraid ships (42) ________ be able to tell which was which.
Of the light sources and (43) ________ glasses available at the time, he found that red was a particularly intense light, meaning it (44) ________ from the greatest distance.
So in maritime signalling red became an alternative to white, and was later adopted by the Admiralty in 1852 (45) ________ the port-side on steam vessels. Green was adopted for the starboard-side, and vessels seeing the green light on other ships had the right of way.
When train tracks were developed, engineers adopted this system as (46) ________ stop and go – and the same system continued with cars.
| Number | A | B | C | D |
| 41 | has looked | looked | looks | looking |
| 42 | haven’t | won’t | hadn’t | wouldn’t |
| 43 | colourful | colours | colourfully | colourfully |
| 44 | could see | being seen | could be seen | can see |
| 45 | to mark | marked | mark | was marked |
| 46 | means | meaning | meant | to mean |
42 – Використання правила узгодження дієслівних часів (Future-in-the-Past Tense).
43 – Використання дієприкметників теперішнього та минулого часів.
44 – Використання правила узгодження дієслівних часів, а також форм інфінітива у пасивному стані.
45 – Вживання інфінітива.
46 – Використання дієприкметників теперішнього часу, вміння розрізняти частини мови і вживати їх відповідно до контексту.
Writing
The Whole World in One Building
Уміння правильно використовувати відповідні граматичні форми (часові форми дієслова, модальні, допоміжні дієслова, та дієслова-зв’язки, іменники, прикметники тощо).
Правильно використовувати лексичні одиниці відповідно до контексту.
say why you are writing
explain why sport is important to people
explain why a supermarket should not be built in your area
give your reasons why a sports centre would serve your city/region well
Write a letter of at least 100 words. Do not write any dates and addresses. Start your letter with
Dear Sir or Madam,
Уміння правильно і відповідно до ситуації використовувати певні лексичні одиниці (частини мови), включаючи ряд фразеологічних зворотів, розмовних фраз та відповідні граматичні форми.